Psychology 1102 exam review


1)
      What is the major guiding theoretical framework for Psychological Science?

Answer for Q1          
Psychological Science considered as a purely objective, experimental branch of natural science with the theoretical goal of predicting and controlling behavior.

2)      Define psychology and provide a rationale for why the answer to question #1 is so important.

Answer for Q2
Psychology is science of mind, of mental state, and processes, and scientific approach is so important because of unpredictable behavior and state of mind.

3)      In 1-2 sentences describe why it’s important to study the brain in psychology.

Answer for Q3
It is important to study the brain because every parts of the brain has functions, and it relates to every behaviors that supported by specific brain activations.

4)      What is the field that presumes it can study the supernatural?

Answer for Q4
Parapsychology

5)      Technically, Psychology is a branch of what other scientific discipline?

Answer for Q5
Cognitive science

6)      What is the difference between a state and a trait? Give an example.

Answer for Q6
a)      Mood state is a temporary way of being.
b)      Trait is a stable or relatively unchanging characteristic.

Example: I am excited today. (Relates my current mood)

7)      Describe the difference between top-down and bottom-up sensory processing. Give an example.

Answer for Q7
a)      Top-down processing:  Sensory information is interpreted in light of existing knowledge.
Example: When we read, we begin to interpret the words and sentences based on our previous knowledge.

b)      Bottom-up processing: The brain takes in individual elements of a particular stimulus, and then combines those elements into a "unified perception".

Example: When we read, our brain takes in each letter individually rather than the entire word. The brain then unifies those letters to obtain the word they're in.

8)      (a) Why is the “need to belong” motivation so strong in humans? (b) What happens to people who do not belong or are excluded from a group? (c) Give an example of an animal for which you would not hypothesize the “need to belong” motivation would exist?

Answer for Section A, Q8
Strong desire: caring, affectionate bonds.

Answer for Section B, Q8
Rude people do not belong to any group

Answer for Section C, Q8
A dog can be an animal which I would not hypothesize, but once I start to belong with, I would be adjusting because of its nature is a so loving.

9)      What is g?

Answer for Q9
General intelligence

10)   What part of the brain drives the fight/flight/freeze response?

Answer for Q10
The limbic system
     
11)   Describe the difference between conscious and unconscious processing.  What did Freud mean by the unconscious? How did Freud think the unconscious affected behavior?

Answer for Q11
Section A, Q11.          Conscious: Knowing and perceiving; and Unconscious: Not knowing and perceiving.

Section B, Q11.          Freud describes the unconscious as the reservoir of all the thoughts that lie outside of awareness.

Section C, Q11.          Freud thinks that the unconscious keeps driving our behavior and experience, even though we are unaware of these basic influences.

12)   Sexual behavior is driven by what underlying process/motivation?

Answer for Q12
In many ways, emotion motivates the sexual behavior. Having sex may be a means of expressing feelings towards a partner as well as a way of deriving emotional satisfaction.

13)  What is a scientific Theory? Rank order the following scientific theories and give a brief description of why you ranked them the way you did:

a.       Gravitational Field Theory
b.      Multiple Intelligences theory
c.       Evolutionary theory

Answer for Q13
A scientific theory is based on careful examination of facts.
1.      Evolutionary theory
2.      Gravitational Field Theory
3.      Multiple Intelligences theory
After began setting up the universal, physics play in our life and every species and human starts the evolution, scientist proved that any two objects, no matter their mass, exert gravitational force toward one another, and finally, multiple intelligences provides a solid foundation upon which to identify, value and develop students' abilities.

14)   List the 6 basic principles of critical thinking.

Answer for Q14
1.      Extraordinary claims
2.      Falsifiability
3.      Occam’s Razor
4.      Replicability
5.      Ruling out Rival Hypotheses
6.      Correlation vs Causation

15)   Describe the difference between naturalistic observation, correlational study, and experiment.

Answer for Q15
Naturalistic observation: carefully observed in natural setting.
Correlational study: measuring the relation between two variables. 
Experiment: a study in which the investigator manipulates at least one variable.

16)   Design an experiment to test social behavior in humans.

Answer for Q16
First of all, we need a controlled environment where outside influences cannot interrupt our test and a soundproof room where we could place a person in the room and introduce something to see the reaction, like food.

17)   Give an example of social facilitation that happens in your life.

Answer for Q17
I would love to help people and make them happy.

18)   Describe the features of the Implicit Associations Test and in your own words discuss the importance of this test in studying prejudice and discrimination.

Answer for Q18
Many people who act like genuine, but they are implicitly faking and unable to pure hearted person. I think this test at least increases some genuine behavior or people.

19)   With respect to the bystander effect what is the most parsimonious explanation? (HINT: it does not come from social psychology)

Answer for Q19
Diffuse of bystander, if someone in the street pertaining or real to ill, but no one cares him and this makes me feel so bad.

20)  What is the most interesting thing that you learned in this class?

Answer for Q20
I learned the ideas to see the world in different perspective by feeling of awareness within and sense of activating every parts of brain.


BONUS QUESTION:

Think of a personal experience in your life; describe that experience. Given what you’ve learned about psychology and the brain how would you change the way you approached that experience now?

After learning psychology, I have gained tremendous amount of senses within and gained tricks of controlling of negative and positive emotions. Moreover, learning of dealing with negative emotions, stress, and anxieties put me to the next level of thinking process.


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