1. What era began in Germany in 1517?
a. the Restoration
b. the Catholic Unification
c. the Protestant Reformation
d. the Weimar Republic
The answer is c. The Protestant Reformation arose in Germany in 1517 and quickly spread to other countries. It shattered the unity of the Roman Catholic Church and had a profound impact on English politics and culture.
2. Which English monarch broke from Rome and took control of the Church of England?
a. Elizabeth
b. Henry VIII
c. James I
d. Isabella
The answer is b. Henry broke with Rome in 1534 and formally initiated the English Reformation, insisting that Parliament pass the Act of Supremacy, which outlawed the Catholic Church and proclaimed the king to be “the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England.”
3. The English Reformation ultimately
a. caused political and religious turmoil in England.
b. spared England political and religious turmoil.
c. caused the pope to declare war on England.
d. was permanently reversed.
The answer is a. Henry VIII did achieve his political goal of controlling the church. However, he wanted a limited reformation, whereas many English people wanted a genuine, thoroughgoing one. This led to considerable conflict.
4. The monarch who reaffirmed the English Reformation, making it a defining feature of English national identity, was
a. Elizabeth I.
b. Mary.
c. Edward I.
d. Henry IX.
The answer is a. In an attempt to continue the reforms of her father, Henry VIII, Elizabeth I legalized Protestantism, made it a defining national feature, and asserted her control over the Church of England.
5. Life in New England was shaped by colonists’ strong commitment to
a. socialism.
b. Puritanism.
c. Catholicism.
d. democracy.
The answer is b. Puritanism was a paramount influence on all aspects of life in New England, including social, religious, and political activities.
6. Separatist Protestants, later known as Pilgrims, obtained permission to settle in
a. Massachusetts.
b. Maine.
c. England.
d. the extensive lands granted to the Virginia Company.
The answer is d. Separatists wanted to withdraw from the Church of England because they considered it profoundly corrupt. They decided to leave England and eventually received permission to settle in the extensive territory of the Virginia Company.
7. The Pilgrims traveled across the Atlantic on the Mayflower and settled in
a. Jamestown, Virginia.
b. Charles Towne, South Carolina.
c. Plymouth, Massachusetts.
d. Salem, Massachusetts.
The answer is c. The Pilgrims obtained permission to settle in Virginia but instead landed well north of their target, in present–day Massachusetts. They drew up the Mayflower Compact to provide order and security and settled the area that became known as Plymouth.
8. According to John Winthrop, each family was a
a. “little democracy.”
b. “little partnership.”
c. “little commune.”
d. “little commonwealth.”
The answer is d. Winthrop believed that, just as humankind was subordinate to God, the family was justly a hierarchy. Each member’s relative position was determined by characteristics such as age and gender.
9. Puritans believed that the church was the
a. same thing as civil government.
b. rituals of baptism and marriage observed faithfully by all.
c. men and women who had entered a covenant with each other and with God.
d. place where men and women enjoyed communal activities such as dancing and playing music or games.
The answer is c. To Puritans, the church was really the members of the church—that is, the men and women who had experienced a true conversion and become covenanted members of the congregation.
10. Ministers in Puritan communities were prohibited from
a. soliciting new immigration.
b. proclaiming fasting days.
c. proclaiming days of humiliation.
d. holding government office.
The answer is d. The Puritans, concerned that men of the cloth might be corrupted by political matters, wanted to insulate their congregations from the contaminating influence of politics and earthly laws. Ministers were therefore not allowed to hold public office.
11. Anne Hutchinson was excommunicated and banished from Massachusetts after being found guilty of
a. conducting witchcraft.
b. “enfranchising all false Religions.”
c. the heresy of prophecy.
d. adulterous behavior.
The answer is c. John Winthrop led a court investigation of Hutchinson after being disquieted by her biweekly lectures on recent sermons, which drew regular crowds of sixty to eighty men and women. Winthrop claimed that Hutchinson committed the heresy of prophecy when she stated that God had directly revealed to her “which was the clear ministry and which the wrong.”
12. The success of the Puritan Revolution
a. caused New Englanders to return to England.
b. decreased immigration to New England.
c. increased immigration to New England.
d. gave New England an important voice in British politics.
The answer is b. For New England Puritans, the Puritan Revolution created hard times. The revolution allowed English Puritans to progress from being a harassed group of religious dissenters to a major power in the government. The resulting drop–off in immigration to New England meant fewer immigrant ships and thus both a scarcity of English goods and a lack of customers for colonial products.
13. New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania originated as
a. fishing docks.
b. proprietary colonies.
c. property of the West India Company.
d. Dutch colonies.
The answer is b. The middle colonies were given by the English monarch to one or more proprietors, who then possessed the land as well as almost monarchical powers of government.
14. The principal trading center in New Netherland was
a. Manhattan.
b. Albany.
c. New Amsterdam.
d. Boston.
The answer is c. New Amsterdam, at the southern tip of Manhattan Island, became the principal trading center and the headquarters for the colony.
15. In 1664, New Netherland became
a. Vermont.
b. New Amsterdam.
c. New Jersey.
d. New York.
The answer is d. In 1664, Charles II gave an enormous land grant to his brother James, the Duke of York. The Dutch colony did not belong to the king of England, but that made little difference. James sailed to Manhattan in late summer 1664 and forced the New Netherland governor, Peter Stuyvesant, to surrender the colony to him.
16. The capital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, rivaled New York as a center of
a. commerce.
b. government.
c. shipbuilding.
d. religious thought.
The answer is a. By 1700, Philadelphia had a population of five thousand and participated in a thriving trade, exporting flour and other food products to the West Indies and importing textiles and manufactured goods.
17. After 1660, the English crown began to
a. change royal colonies to proprietary ones.
b. lose interest in the colonies.
c. consolidate royal authority over colonial governments.
d. encourage migration to the colonies.
The answer is c. Prior to 1660, the English kings saw proprietary grants of land as cheap gifts. As the colonies grew, though, they became more valuable, and the king became more interested in how the crown could profit from them.
18. The Navigation Acts of 1650, 1651, 1660, and 1663 required that all goods shipped to and from the colonies be transported in English ships and that specific colonial products be shipped only to
a. England or to other English colonies.
b. England.
c. the other English colonies.
d. the Caribbean.
The answer is a. Under the Navigation Acts, certain colonial products could be shipped only to England. Among the enumerated items was tobacco, the major export of the Chesapeake region; the principal exports of New England and the middle colonies—fish, lumber, and flour—were not enumerated.
19. The Navigation Acts did not benefit England by
a. ensuring the crown ample customs revenue.
b. enriching English merchants.
c. strengthening royal influence over colonial economies.
d. expanding British naval capacities.
The answer is d. The Navigation Acts filled the crown’s coffers with customs revenues, protected the businesses of English merchants and shippers, and gave the crown greater influence in the colonies.
20. Massachusetts colonists were horrified that the Dominion of New England invalidated
a. royal charters.
b. rental agreements.
c. the Navigation Acts.
d. land titles.
The answer is d. The Dominion’s invalidation of land titles meant that, technically, all colonists could lose their land. This was enough to strike fear into the hearts of most colonists within New England.
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